Measurement-based real-time economic dispatch

In this paper, we propose a measurement-based approach to the real-time economic dispatch (ED). The realtime ED is a widely used market scheduling problem seeking to economically balance electricity system supply and demand and provide locational marginal prices (LMPs) while respecting system reliability requirements. The ED is a convex optimization problem with a linear or quadratic objective, typically the minimization of generator costs or the maximization of social surplus. The constraints capture power balance and network flow capacity limits and are formulated using a linearized power flow model. Our approach utilizes power system sensitivities estimated from phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements to reformulate the model-based power flow and network flow constraints. The resulting measurement-based real-time ED overcomes the vulnerabilities of the model-based real-time ED. The dispatch instructions and LMPs calculated with our measurement-based real-time ED accurately, and adaptively, reflect real-time system conditions. We illustrate the strengths of the proposed approach via several case studies.